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CsAlaDC and CsTSI work coordinately to determine theanine biosynthesis in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) and confer high levels of L-theanine accumulation in a non-tea plant
茶氨酸 乙胺 谷氨酸 CsTSI Camellia sinensis L.
2023/4/19
Theanine, one of the most important components of teas, confers the umami taste and relaxation effect of tea infusion. As a non-proteinogenic amino acid, theanine solely accumulates to high levels in ...
Pay-To-Win: Incentive Attacks on Proof-of-Work Cryptocurrencies
Cryptocurrencies blockchain smart contracts
2019/7/4
The feasibility of bribing attacks on cryptocurrencies was first highlighted in 2016, with various new techniques and approaches having since been proposed. Recent reports of real world 51%51% attacks...
A proof of sequential work allows a prover to convince a verifier that a certain amount of sequential steps have been computed. In this work we introduce the notion of incremental proofs of sequential...
Proofs of sequential work (PoSW) are proof systems where a prover, upon receiving a statement χχ and a time parameter TT computes a proof ϕ(χ,T)ϕ(χ,T) which is efficiently and publicly verif...
We introduce a new variant of decentralised, trustless, permissionless proof-of-work blockchain. The main novelty of the new variant is a multi-stage proof of work which is analogous to multi-stage pi...
The Proof is in the Pudding: Proofs of Work for Solving Discrete Logarithms
Proofs of work discrete logarithm problem Pollard rho
2018/11/7
We propose a proof of work protocol that computes the discrete logarithm of an element in a cyclic group. Individual provers generating proofs of work perform a distributed version of the Pollard rho ...
During the last decade, the blockchain space has exploded with a plethora of new cryptocurrencies, covering a wide array of different features, performance and security characteristics. Nevertheless, ...
We give Proofs of Work (PoWs) whose hardness is based on well-studied worst-case assumptions from fine-grained complexity theory. This extends the work of (Ball et al., STOC '17), that presents PoWs t...
Flux: Revisting Near Blocks for Proof-of-Work Blockchains
Bitcoin proof-of-work weak blocks
2018/5/11
The term near or weak blocks describes Bitcoin blocks whose PoW does not meet the required target difficulty to be considered valid under the regular consensus rules of the protocol. Near blocks are g...
Fault Analysis of the KTANTAN Family of Block Ciphers: A Revisited Work of Fault Analysis of the KATAN Family of Block Ciphers
block ciphers cryptanalysis implementation
2018/3/12
This paper investigates the security of the KTANTAN block cipher against differential fault analysis. This attack is considered to be first side channel analysis of KTANTAN in the literature. KTANTAN ...
At ITCS 2013, Mahmoody, Moran and Vadhan [MMV'13] introduce and construct publicly verifiable proofs of sequential work, which is a protocol for proving that one spent sequential computational work re...
Doing Real Work with FHE: The Case of Logistic Regression
Homomorphic Encryption Implementation Logistic Regression
2018/3/5
We describe our recent experience, building a system that uses fully-homomorphic encryption (FHE) to approximate the coefficients of a logistic-regression model, built from genomic data. The aim of th...
But Why does it Work? A Rational Protocol Design Treatment of Bitcoin
Blockchain Protocols Rational Protocol Design Bitcoin
2018/2/8
An exciting recent line of work has focused on formally investigating the core cryptographic assumptions underlying the security of Bitcoin. In a nutshell, these works conclude that Bitcoin is secure ...
Proof-of-Work (PoW) schemes allow to limit access to resources or to share rewards for crypto-currency mining. The MTP-Argon2 PoW by Biryukov and Khovratovich is loosely based on the Argon2 memory-har...
Harmonization of blood-based indicators of iron status: making the hard work matter
assay bias clinical bioindicator harmonization imprecision iron status reference material reference method standardization
2018/11/21
Blood-based indicators that are used in the assessment of iron status are assumed to be accurate. In practice, inaccuracies in these measurements exist and stem from bias and variability. For example,...