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From vantage points in management, labor, academia, and government, contributors to four recent books grapple with the productivity slowdown, with little help from economic theory.
During 1958-80, annual productivity growth averaged just 1.3 percent, less than half the rate for manufacturing as a whole; industry employment grew by more than 50 percent.
Productivity gains, aided by new technology, especially computers, but moderated by cyclical downturns, averaged 2.6 percent a year over the 1958-80 period.
During 1958-80, the industry experienced long-term advances, reflecting improvements in metalworking machinery and computer aid; but since 1965, productivity has decelerated, being especially slow fro...
Product proliferation and short production runs limited the use of laborsaving equipment in office furniture establishments; as a result, productivity grew only moderately during 1958-80.
Recent declines have beset an industry in which productivity has grown rapidly since 1958; gains have been associated with more efficient plants, improved technology, and an expanding line of products...
Output per employee hour paralleled the trend economy during 1967-80, with the annual rate of growth decelerating after 1973.
Although productivity growth slowed during 1976-81 for most measured industries, a majority of significant industries show productivity gains in 1981.
Output per employee hour in manufacturing generally improved and unit labor cost trends moderated in the U.S. and 10 other nations in 1981; relative productivity and labor cost indexes are introduced....
Productivity gains averaged 1.9 percent per year over the 1966-78 period; however, year-to-year changes fluctuated widely, reacting to the level of unemployment.
During 1972-81, output per hour increased at an annual rate of 1.4 percent, slowing to less than 1 percent after 1976; growth in productivity has been linked to improved technology.
Output per employee-hour has risen faster in valves and pipe fittings than it has in fabricated pipe and fittings, both industries show high levels of capital spending.
Growth in labor productivity has been spurred by the spread of automated production machinery and increased use of integrated circuits in instruments; nonproduction workers—professional and technical—...
New annual indexes for private business show that advances in the output per unit of labor and capital input account for most of the growth of output per hour of all persons during 1948-81.
For the U.S. and most industrial rivals, output per hour in manufacturing rose in 1982; unit labor costs, measured in U.S. dollars, increased by 12 percent in the U.S. in comparison to the other 11 na...

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