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Shaping human mortality patterns through intrinsic and extrinsic vitality processes
adult and juvenile mortality extrinsic mortality intrinsic mortality stochastic processes vitality
2014/11/24
Background: While historical declines in human mortality are clearly shaped by lifestyle and environmental improvements, modeling patterns is difficult because intrinsic and extrinsic processes shape ...
Gamma-Gompertz life expectancy at birth
approximations gamma-Gompertz frailty model hypergeometric function life expectancy at birth
2014/11/24
Background: The gamma-Gompertz multiplicative frailty model is the most common parametric model applied to human mortality data at adult and old ages. The resulting life expectancy has been calculated...
Disentangling how educational expansion did not increase women's age at union formation in Latin America from 1970 to 2000
age at union formation cohabitation educational expansion Latin America marriage
2014/11/24
Background: One of the most salient features of Latin American marriages over the last few decades is the stable timing of their union formation, despite educational expansion, the postponement of and...
Estimating spatial inequalities of urban child mortality
child mortality Ghana spatial analysis
2014/11/24
Background: Recent studies indicate that the traditional rural-urban dichotomy pointing to cities as places of better health in the developing world can be complicated by poverty differentials. Knowle...
What is on a Demographer’s Mind? : A Worldwide Survey
demographers opinion science survey
2014/11/20
Background: Over the years, the community of demographers has grown in numbers and research interests, and has become increasingly interdisciplinary. The question is whether this process of growth and...
Estimating Trends in the Total Fertility Rate with Uncertainty Using Imperfect Data: Examples from West Africa
Bayesian inference Demographic and Health Survey local smoother retrospective surveys United Nations variable selection weighted likelihood bootstrap
2014/11/20
Background: Estimating the total fertility rate is challenging for many developing countries because of limited data and varying data quality. A standardized, reproducible approach to produce estimate...
The mystery of Japan's missing centenarians explained
centenarians elderly Japan longevity mortality
2014/11/20
This report elucidates the issue of Japan’s missing centenarians, which was uncovered in 2010. We provide the latest figures from verification efforts, discuss sources of centenarian information in Ja...
Sampling and Surveying Hard-to-Reach Populations for Demographic Research: A Study of Female Labor Migrants in Moscow, Russia
Central Asia migration Russia sampling survey methodology
2014/11/20
Because household-based survey designs are notoriously ineffective in studying hard-to-reach groups such as irregular migrants, these groups, however numerically large they may be, are rarely represen...
Targeting Inequalities:A contribution of the Capability Approach to population studies
Capability Approach Mali,Ghana population and development
2015/7/27
This paper introduces the objectives of the project presented in this Special Issue, i.e. to apply the Capability Approach (CA) to population studies to better understand growing disparities in human ...
农村青少年辍学打工及其原因
农民工 辍学打工 经济理性 流动政策
2016/11/11
文章以农村青少年的长远发展为导向，探讨农村青少年辍学打工现象的存在状况及其原因。教育统计年鉴数据和抽样调查数据均表明: 农村青少年辍学外出打工是一个普遍存在的社会现象。同时，抽样调查数据表明农村青少年辍学打工与以下因素存在因果关联: 农村社会距离、城市社会距离、个人经济观念强度及其对宏观社会形势的认知取向、父母教育观念和方式等方面。这表明除城乡差距等结构性的原因外，农村青少年的个人思维特征成为突出...
中国父母丧子的概率与年龄分布
死亡概率 生命表 丧子 生命历程
2016/3/1
文章利用2010年全国人口普查数据，基于概率论和生命表估算了中国父母的丧子概率与丧子时的平均年龄，并讨论了死亡水平对这两个指标的影响。结果显示，中国父母失去儿子的概率更高；年龄别丧子概率随着父母年龄的增加呈“L”形；在同样条件下男性（父亲）失去孩子的概率低于女性（母亲），丧子时的平均年龄也低于女性（母亲）。丧子概率取决于父子两代人死亡率的差异分布，在死亡水平均匀变动的条件下，死亡水平下降，丧子概率...
流动人口调查抽样的实践与思考
流动人口 抽样框 重复抽选及抽选后合并 目标总体与抽样总体的关系 事后加权
2016/11/11
文章对流动人口调查中抽样框的编制、重复抽选及抽选后合并、目标与抽样总体关系的复杂化等问题进行了描述和讨论。实践表明，在编制流动人口调查抽样框时，研究人员不仅需要得到相应数据库的支持，而且还应特别注意偶然性因素的影响; 对规模过大或过小的抽样单位，重复抽选或抽选后合并是比较简便的方式; 此外，在以“登记户籍人口”作为目标总体的调查中，受“跨界流出人口”的影响，特定地区目标总体与抽样总体的关系将表现为...
Social Science Methods for Twins Data: Integrating Causality, Endowments and Heritability
Causality Danish Twin Registry Genetic endowments Heritability Methods Minnesota Twins Registry Twins
2014/3/31
Twins have been extensively used in both economic and behavioral genetics to investigate the role of genetic endowments on a broad range of social, demographic and economic outcomes. However, the focu...
Causal Effects of Single-Sex Schools on College Entrance Exams and College Attendance: Random Assignment in Seoul High Schools
Regression analysis Same-gender teachers Single-sex public education Single-sex schools Teachers Two-year colleges United States
2014/3/31
Despite the voluminous literature on the potentials of single-sex schools, there is no consensus on the effects of single-sex schools because of student selection of school types. We exploit a unique ...
Is the High Level of Obesity in the United States Related to Its Low Life Expectancy?
obesity Mortality American longevit International comparison
2014/3/31
Background. The US has the highest prevalence of obesity and one of the lowest life expectancies among OECD countries. While it is plausible to assume that these two phenomena are related, no previous...