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Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, CAS Colloquia & Seminars：Substitutes and Complements
替代条件 离散经济体 竞争均衡
2023/4/18
It is well known that the substitutes condition plays a key role in guaranteeing the existence of competitive equilibrium in discrete economies. It also brings useful structure to equilibria, and enge...
Surrogate disease markers as substitutes for chronic disease outcomes in studies of diet and chronic disease relations
biomarker qualification diet and health relations surrogate disease markers diet and chronic disease surrogate disease marker qualification
2018/11/20
Surrogate biomarkers for clinical outcomes afford scientific and economic efficiencies when investigating nutritional interventions in chronic diseases. However, valid scientific results are dependent...
Communication and Inventories as Substitutes in Organizing Production
Communication Inventories Substitutes Organizing Production
2015/7/21
Communication and Inventories as Substitutes in Organizing Production.
Are Efficiency and Equity in School Finance Substitutes or Complements?
Education finance dramatic finance
2015/7/20
since desegregation, the most important changes to American elementary and secondary schooling have almost certainly been in the realm of school finance. This is not only because dramatic changes have...
Competition Between Mail and Electronic Substitutes in the Financial Sector A Hotelling Approach
Competition Between Mail Electronic Substitutes Financial Sector A Hotelling Approach
2013/7/24
Competition Between Mail and Electronic Substitutes in the Financial Sector A Hotelling Approach。
Employed and Unemployed Job Seekers: Are They Substitutes?
on-the-job search unemployment job competition employment histories panel data
2012/10/26
The job search literature suggests that on-the-job search reduces the probability of unemployed people finding a job. However, there is no evidence that employed and unemployed job seekers are similar...
Are two resources really better than one? Some unexpected results of the availability of substitutes
resources unexpected results of the availability of substitutes
2011/1/5
The possibility of exploiting multiple resources is usually regarded as positive from both the economic and the environmental point of view. However, resource switching may also lead to unsustainable ...
Analysis of fluoride concentration in mother's milk substitutes
Fluorides Dental fluorosis Milk substitutes Infant formula Milk
2009/10/19
The aim of the present study was to determine the fluoride concentration in some brands of mother's milk substitutes and evaluate the possibility of developing dental fluorosis by consuming these prod...
Using mid-level cadres as substitutes for internationally mobile health professionals in Africa. A desk review
mid-level cadres internationally mobile health professionals Africa
2009/9/28
The findings raise interest in expanding the use of substitute cadres, as the demands of expanding access to services such as antiretroviral treatment requires substantial human resources capacity. Un...
Superplastic Deformation in Carbonate Apatite Ceramics under Constant Compressive Loading for Near-net-shape Production of Bioresorbable Bone Substitutes
Carbonate apatite Superplasticity Near-net-shape production
2009/9/11
To produce carbonate apatite (CAP) ceramics with the desired complex shapes using superplastic deformation, deformation behavior of CAP ceramics under constant loading as well as physical properties a...
Sodium Gluconate and Potassium Gluconate as Substitutes for Sodium Chloride in Breadmaking
bread gluconic acid salt substitutes for NaCl
2009/6/17
Sodium gluconate (Na-gluconate) and potassium gluconate (K-gluconate) were used as NaCl substitutes in breadmaking to determine their potential usefulness in preparing reduced-sodium bread and non-sod...
Calcium phosphate ceramics as bone graft substitutes in filling bone tumor defects
Benign bone tumor bone graft substitute hydroxyapatite calcium phosphate ceramic
2008/11/25
Background: Synthetic bio-inert materials are currently used as an alternative to autogenous bone graft. Calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) and Beta tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP), which belong to the calcium...
Augmented-Sixth Chords vs. Tritone Substitutes
augmented-sixth chords tritone substitutes harmony voice-leading enharmonic relationships
2010/3/24
Augmented-sixth chords and tritone substitutes have long been recognized as enharmonically equivalent, but to date there has been no detailed and systematic examination of their relationships from the...
The Influence of Fat Substitutes Based on Protein and Titanium Dioxide on the Sensory Properties of Lowfat Milks
color milk fat substitute titanium dioxide
2008/3/28
The following food-grade ingredients were evaluated as fat substitutes in skim milk: Simplesse® Dry 100 (The Nutrasweet Company, Deerfield, IL), LitessTM (Cultor, New York, NY), whey protein conce...
Sensory and Physical Properties of a Reduced-CalorieFrozen Dessert System Made with Milk Fatand Sucrose Substitutes
frozen dessert sensory properties sucrose substitutes fat substitutes
2008/3/19
Effects of milk fat and sucrose substitutes on selected physical and sensory properties of a frozen dessert system were evaluated by sensory and instrumental methods. Analysis of variance revealed no ...