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Emergence,closure and inter-level causation in biological systems
Emergence biological organisation downward causation constraints
2016/6/14
In this paper, we advocate the idea that an adequate explanation of biological systems requires appealing to organisational closure as an emergent causal regime. We first develop a theoretical justifi...
Is There High-Level Causation?
Causation Special Sciences Thermodynamics Ceteris Paribus Laws Minutiae Rectus Laws
2016/6/13
The discovery of high-level causal relations seems a central activity of the special sciences. Those same sciences are less successful in formulating strict laws. If causation must be underwritten by ...
Multi-level complexities in technological development: Competing strategies for drug discovery
applied science pharmaceuticals development methodology technology
2009/4/29
Drug development regularly has to deal with complex circumstances on two levels: the local level of pharmacological intervention on specific target proteins, and the systems level of the effects of ph...
Intuitionistic quantum logic of an n-level system
quantum logic topos theory intuitionistic
2009/3/25
A decade ago, Isham and Butterfield proposed a topos theoretic approach to quantum mechanics, which meanwhile has been extended by Doering and Isham so as to provide a new mathematical foundation for ...
Ethical challenges related to elder care. High level decision-makers' experiences
decision-makers Ethical
2008/11/13
Background
Few empirical studies have been found that explore ethical challenges among persons in high public positions that are responsible for elder care. The aim of this paper was to illuminate th...
On the measurement problem for a two-level quantum system
measurement problem Born rule Berry's phase
2008/4/15
A geometric approach to quantum mechanics with unitary evolution and non-unitary collapse processes is developed. In this approach the Schroedinger evolution of a quantum system is a geodesic motion o...
Natural Selection as a Population-Level Causal Process
natural selection evolution, causation
2008/4/15
Recent discussions in the philosophy of biology have brought into question some fundamental assumptions regarding evolutionary processes, natural selection in particular. Some authors argue that natur...
Multi-Level Selection and the Major Transitions in Evolution
levels of selection units of selection major transitions
2008/4/15
A number of recent biologists have used multi-level selection theory to help explain the major transitions in evolution. I argue that in doing so, they have shifted from a ‘synchronic’ to a ‘diachroni...
Between 1975 and the introduction of the GCSE in 1986, both GCE O Level and CSE examinations were available to 16+ pupils. Together these examinations were designed for the top 60% of the ability rang...